Public Education

Carbon Monoxide Detectors

Carbon monoxide poisoning

In the past decade, people have become more aware of the risk of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in the home. Often called the silent killer, carbon monoxide is an invisible, odorless, colorless gas created when fuels (such as gasoline, wood, coal, natural gas, propane, oil, and methane) burn incompletely. In the home, heating and cooking equipment that burn fuel are potential sources of carbon monoxide. Vehicles or generators running in an attached garage can also produce dangerous levels of carbon monoxide.

Facts & figures

• According to the National Safety Council, 400 gas-poisoning deaths occurred in 2000, 300 of them in homes.
• The risk of unintentional CO death is highest for the very old (ages 75 or above).

Safety tips

• Install CO alarms (listed by an independent testing laboratory) inside your home to provide early warning of accumulating CO.
• CO alarms should be installed in a central location outside each separate sleeping area.
• After purchasing an alarm, call your local fire department's non-emergency telephone number to find out what number to call if the CO alarm sounds. Post that number by your telephone(s) and make sure everyone in the household knows the difference between the fire emergency and CO emergency numbers (if there is a difference).
• Test CO alarms at least once a month, and replace CO alarms according to the manufacturer's instructions.
  
• If you need to warm a vehicle, remove it from the garage immediately after starting it. Do not run a vehicle, generator, or other fueled engine or motor indoors, even if garage doors are open. Never leave your vehicle running when it is parked or covered in snow.
  
• Have fuel-burning household heating equipment (fireplaces, furnaces, water heaters, wood and coal stoves, space or portable heaters) and chimneys inspected by a professional every year before cold weather sets in.
  
• When using a fireplace, open the flue for adequate ventilation.
  
• Open a window slightly whenever using a kerosene or gas heater. (Kerosene heaters are illegal in many states. Always check with local authorities before buying or using one.) Only refuel outside, after the device has cooled.
  
• Never use your oven to heat your home.
  
• Only use barbecue grills  which can produce CO  outside. Never use them in the home or garage. 
  
• When purchasing new heating and cooking equipment, select products tested and labeled by an independent testing laboratory.
  
• When purchasing an existing home, have a qualified technician evaluate the integrity of the heating and cooking systems, as well as the sealed spaces between the garage and house.
  
• When camping, remember to use battery-powered heaters and flashlights in tents trailers, and motor homes.
  
• CO alarms are not substitutes for smoke alarms. Smoke alarms should be installed on every level of the home and in or outside all sleeping areas.
  
• Know the difference between the sound of the smoke alarms and the sound of the CO alarms.

If your CO alarm sounds

• If it is a battery-powered intermittent alarm, check the battery.
  
• If it is a steady alarm or you are unable to determine, evacuate the dwelling. Do not re-enter until the responding agency says it is ok.
  
• Report the CO alarm warning by calling the appropriate phone number.
  
• Call a qualified technician to inspect all equipment.

Symptoms of CO poisoning

• Severe headache, dizziness, mental confusion, nausea, or faintness. Many of these symptoms are similar to the flu, food poisoning or other illnesses.

Levels of CO and their effects

(ppm = parts per million)                                                                                                         50 ppm  The maximum allowable concentration for continuous exposure for healthy adults in any 8-hour period according to the Occupation Safety and Health Administration.

200 ppm  Slight headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea after 2 - 3 hours.

400 ppm  Frontal headaches within 1 - 2 hours, life threatening after 3 hours.

800 ppm  Dizziness, nausea and convulsions within 45 minutes.  Unconsciousness within 2 hours,  Death within 2 - 3 hours.

1,600 ppm  Headache, dizziness and nausea within 20 minutes.  Death within 1 hour.

3,200 ppm  Headache, dizziness and nausea within 5 - 10 minutes.  Death within 25 - 30 minutes.

6,400 ppm  Headache, dizziness and nausea within 1 - 2 minutes.  Death within 10 - 15 minutes.

12,800 ppm  Death within 1 - 3 minutes.